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View of Pelican Island

Centennial Trail

Designed the first Federal Bird Reserve in 1903, Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge celebrated its century mark by creating this short, scenic, accessible trail for birding

Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge  |  Sebastian
( 27.803342, -80.429350 )      0.8 miles

Pelican Island isn’t just a National Wildlife Refuge, it’s the National Wildlife Refuge that started the whole idea going, back in 1903.

Even further back, in 1858, the small island in the Indian River Lagoon – offshore from where the refuge access is today – was documented as a brown pelican breeding ground.

Pelican Island
A pelican soars over Pelican Island

On March 14, 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt designated Pelican Island as the first Federal bird reserve.

This first-ever act by the Federal government to set aside land for wildlife would lead to the creation of the National Wildlife Refuge system, as well as our National Parks and National Forests.

Mangrove-lined waterway
Mangrove-lined waterway protected by the Refuge

One hundred years later, Pelican Island’s Centennial Trail opened as the centerpiece of a nationwide celebration of the National Wildlife Refuge system.

The Centennial Trail is the shortest and easiest of the refuge’s three hiking trails. Its paved walkways and boardwalks make it fully wheelchair-accessible.

National Historic Landmark plaque
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge is a National Historic Landmark

Resources

South Florida Explorers Guide book cover Hikers Guide to the Sunshine State book cover

Disclosure: As authors and affiliates, we receive earnings when you buy these through our links. This helps us provide public information on this website.


Overview

Location: Orchid Island
Length: 0.8 mile round-trip
Trailhead: 27.803342, -80.429350
Fees: Free
Restrooms: At the Pelican Island Orientation Area
Land manager: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Phone: 772-581-5557

Open 7:30 AM to sunset. Pets are not permitted. This parking area and trail are fully accessible.

Restrooms are located at the Pelican Island Orientation Area, north along Historic Jungle Trail. Drinking water is not available.


Directions

 
From US 1 in Sebastian, take CR 510 (Wabasso Beach Rd) across the Indian River Lagoon to Orchid Island. Turn north on A1A and drive 3.7 miles north to the refuge entrance on the left.
 
From Sebastian Inlet, follow A1A south for 3.3 miles to Historic Jungle Trail. A refuge sign points you down this unpaved canopied road. Drive 0.6 mile past the Pelican Island Orientation Area (the first trailhead) on the left before you come to the Centennial Trail trailhead on the right.

Hike

The whole reason to take this little hike, of course, is for the birds. The island has long been a nesting area for brown pelicans, and this short walk features a wide variety of birds.

Our first sighting started with the impoundment adjacent to the welcome and historical kiosk.

Centennial Trail
Paved surface of the Centennial Trail starts at the parking area

A black skimmer showed off its skimming behavior, swooping low to the water and shoveling it up with his bill. It was worth some time on a trailside bench to watch his technique.

The trail winds away from the impoundment and along the edge of a wetland you’d expect to see along the Indian River Lagoon, with cabbage palms and tall grasses.

Impoundment at Pelican Island
Along this impoundment is a shaded bench for you to watch the birds

As the paved path rounds a bend past a kiosk, it reaches the Centennial Boardwalk. Look underfoot as you head up this long ramp.

You’ll see the names and founding dates of every National Wildlife Refuge, though some have faded from the sun and the wear of foot traffic.

Centennial Boardwalk
The Centennial Boardwalk commemorates the founding of every National Wildlife Refuge through 2003

Looking down and out, you’ll see a mangrove-lined canal popular with herons and egrets.

Alligators lie in wait just beneath the surface along the brackish mud flats. A cormorant might be drying its wings while perched on a mangrove.

Mangrove-lined canal
Pause at this canal to look for birds in the mangroves and alligators in the water

The boardwalk ends at a covered observation deck with two free telescopes for viewing Pelican Island, the nesting area for brown pelicans.

Use your own binoculars or the telescope to sweep over the landscape and spot ospreys, green herons, and — of course — pelicans!

Pelican Island Observation Tower
View from the Observation Tower at the top of the boardwalk

Take time to enjoy the view, the breeze, and the bird life — and be thankful that, more than a century ago, our ancestors had the foresight to start saving habitat for species that were disappearing.

Return the same way, enjoying the stops along this leisurely walk. The side trail kiosk points out the start of the the Joe Michael Memorial Trail, a 3-mile loop out to the edge of the Indian River Lagoon.

Joe Michael Memorial Trail kiosk
Start of the Joe Michael Memorial Trail, a 3-mile loop off the Centennial Trail

Trail Map

Pelican Island NWR Trail Map
Trail Map on the kiosk at the Pelican Island Orientation Area. The Joe Michael Memorial Trail was formerly called Pete’s Impoundment Trail.

Explore More!

Nearby Adventures

More worth exploring while you’re in this area.

Beach at Sebastian Inlet

Sebastian Inlet State Park

One of few places where the Indian River Lagoon mingles with the Atlantic Ocean, Sebastian Inlet is the central feature of Sebastian Inlet State Park, which protects the tips of both barrier islands

Barrier Island Center Archie Carr NWR

Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge

Stretching from Melbourne Beach to Sebastian, this refuge protects sea turtle nesting grounds along the Atlantic Ocean

Trail Map (PDF) Official Website

Category: Hikes, Nature Trails, South Florida, TrailsTag: Accessible, Birding, Boardwalks, Botanical, Easy Hikes, Family-Friendly, Favorites, Fishing, Indian River Lagoon, Mangroves, Melbourne, National Wildlife Refuges, Observation Towers, Pelican Island NWR, Picnic, Sebastian, Vero Beach

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Our recent park & trail updates in this region

Lengthy boardwalk heading towards mangrove flats

John R. Bonner Nature Park

John R. Bonner Nature Park
Boardwalk framed by live oaks and saw palmetto

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George McGough Nature Park
Leaning sand pines in scrub

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Balm Boyette Nature Preserve
Dock edged by mangroves

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